BCPortrait comingOfficial portrait of Bill Clinton
42nd president of the United States · 1993–2001

Bill Clinton

DemocraticVice president: Al GoreCompleted two terms

Presided over the longest economic expansion to that point and the first balanced budgets since 1969, signed NAFTA and welfare reform, and was impeached over lying under oath about an affair with a White House intern.

Debt added
+$1.54trillion
$4.19 trillion → $5.73 trillion (+37%)
Debt-to-GDP, latest
56%
FY1992: 63% → FY2000: 56%
Unemployment
4.2%
Jan 1993: 7.3% → Jan 2001: 4.2%
Average inflation
2.6%a year
1992–2000: 2.6% a year
Executive orders
364
About 46 a year in office
Pardons & commutations
457
396 pardons · 61 commutations
Impeached
Once
Yes — acquitted · Convicted of a crime: No

The economy, first day to last

Shaded areas show the years in office, with a few years before and after for comparison. Budget years run October to September, so a new president's first budget year starts the fall after they take office.

National debt

Jan 20, 1993: $4.19 trillion → Jan 19, 2001: $5.73 trillion

Debt compared with the economy

Debt as a share of GDP. Above 100% means the debt is bigger than a year of everything the country produces.

Deficits and surpluses

Money borrowed each budget year (below the line) or paid down (above).

DeficitSurplus

Unemployment

Jan 1993: 7.3% → Jan 2001: 4.2%. Monthly rates; the chart shows yearly averages.

Inflation

How much prices rose each year (consumer price index).

Cost of living

What everyday prices and paychecks did while in office.

What cost $100 in 1992$122.74 in 2000
Federal minimum wage, 1993 → 2001$4.25 → $5.15

Prices use the consumer price index (MeasuringWorth). The minimum wage is the federal rate set by Congress.

Executive orders

364 orders, numbered 12834–13197.

Orders signed each year

Source: Federal Register: Clinton executive orders (full list of every order).

Notable orders

Regulatory planning and reviewEO 12866September 30, 1993

Required cost-benefit analysis of major federal regulations, reviewed by the White House. Still the backbone of how regulations are made.

Federal Register
Environmental justiceEO 12898February 11, 1994

Directed agencies to address pollution and health burdens that fall hardest on minority and low-income communities.

Federal Register
Ban on permanent striker replacementsEO 12954March 8, 1995

Barred large federal contractors from permanently replacing striking workers. Struck down by a federal appeals court in 1996.

Federal Register
Classified national security informationEO 12958April 17, 1995

Required most classified records to be declassified automatically after 25 years.

Federal Register
Sexual orientation in federal employmentEO 13087May 28, 1998

Added sexual orientation to the federal government's equal employment policy.

Federal Register
Access for people with limited EnglishEO 13166August 11, 2000

Required agencies and federally funded programs to provide language help.

Federal Register
Every executive order 364Search, filter by topic or year, and open any order's full text
  1. EO 12834January 20, 1993Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch AppointeesRevoked
  2. EO 12835January 25, 1993Establishment of the National Economic CouncilAmended
  3. EO 12836February 1, 1993Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Federal ContractingRevoked
  4. EO 12837February 10, 1993Deficit Control and Productivity Improvement in the Administration of the Federal Government
  5. EO 12838February 10, 1993Termination and Limitation of Federal Advisory Committees
  6. EO 12839February 10, 1993Reduction of 100,000 Federal Positions
  7. EO 12840March 9, 1993Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOMSuperseded
  8. EO 12841March 9, 1993Adjustments to Levels IV and V of the Executive Schedule
  9. EO 12842March 29, 1993International Development Law Institute
  10. EO 12843April 21, 1993Procurement Requirements and Policies for Federal Agencies for Ozone-Depleting SubstancesRevoked
  11. EO 12844April 21, 1993Federal Use of Alternative Fueled VehiclesSuperseded
  12. EO 12845April 21, 1993Requiring Agencies To Purchase Energy Efficient Computer EquipmentRevoked
  13. EO 12846April 25, 1993Additional Measures With Respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
  14. EO 12847May 17, 1993Amending Executive Order No. 11423
  15. EO 12848May 19, 1993Federal Plan To Break the Cycle of Homelessness
  16. EO 12849May 25, 1993Implementation of Agreement With the European Community on Government Procurement
  17. EO 12850May 28, 1993Conditions for Renewal of Most-Favored-Nation Status for the Peoples Republic of China in 1994
  18. EO 12851June 11, 1993Administration of Proliferation Sanctions, Middle East Arms Control, and Related Congressional Reporting ResponsibilitiesAmended
  19. EO 12852June 29, 1993Presidents Council on Sustainable DevelopmentRevoked
  20. EO 12853June 30, 1993Blocking Government of Haiti Property and Prohibiting Transactions With HaitiRevoked
  21. EO 12854July 4, 1993Implementation of the Cuban Democracy Act
  22. EO 12855July 19, 1993Amendment to Executive Order No. 12852
  23. EO 12856August 3, 1993Federal Compliance With Right-to-Know Laws and Pollution Prevention RequirementsRevoked
  24. EO 12857August 4, 1993Budget Control
  25. EO 12858August 4, 1993Deficit Reduction Fund
  26. EO 12859August 16, 1993Establishment of the Domestic Policy CouncilAmended
  27. EO 12860September 3, 1993Adding Members to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
  28. EO 12861September 11, 1993Elimination of One-Half of Executive Branch Internal Regulations
  29. EO 12862September 11, 1993Setting Customer Service Standards
  30. EO 12863September 13, 1993President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory BoardRevoked
  31. EO 12864September 15, 1993United States Advisory Council on the National Information InfrastructureRevoked
  32. EO 12865September 26, 1993Prohibiting Certain Transactions Involving UNITARevoked
  33. EO 12866September 30, 1993Regulatory Planning and ReviewAmended
  34. EO 12867September 30, 1993Termination of Emergency Authority for Certain Export Controls
  35. EO 12868September 30, 1993Measures To Restrict The Participation By United States Persons In Weapons Proliferation Activities
  36. EO 12869September 30, 1993Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory CommitteesSuperseded
  37. EO 12870September 30, 1993Trade Promotion Coordinating CommitteeAmended
  38. EO 12871October 1, 1993Labor-Management PartnershipsRevoked
  39. EO 12872October 18, 1993Blocking Property of Persons Obstructing Democratization in HaitiRevoked
  40. EO 12873October 20, 1993Federal Acquisition and Waste PreventionRevoked
  41. EO 12874October 20, 1993Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between The Long Island Rail Road and Certain of Its Employees Represented by the United Transportation Union
  42. EO 12875October 26, 1993Enhancing the Intergovernmental PartnershipRevoked
  43. EO 12876November 1, 1993Historically Black Colleges and UniversitiesRevoked
  44. EO 12877November 3, 1993Amendment to Executive Order No. 12569
  45. EO 12878November 5, 1993Bipartisan Commission on Entitlement ReformRevoked
  46. EO 12879November 8, 1993Order of Succession of Officers To Act as Secretary of the Navy
  47. EO 12880November 16, 1993National Drug Control ProgramAmended
  48. EO 12881November 23, 1993Establishment of the National Science and Technology CouncilAmended
  49. EO 12882November 23, 1993President's Committee of Advisors on Science and TechnologyRevoked
  50. EO 12883November 29, 1993Delegating a Federal Pay Administration Authority
  51. EO 12884December 1, 1993Delegation of Functions Under the Freedom Support Act and Related Provisions of the Foreign OperationsAmended
  52. EO 12885December 14, 1993Amendment to Executive Order No. 12829
  53. EO 12886December 23, 1993Adjustments of Rates of Pay and Allowances for the Uniformed ServicesSuperseded
  54. EO 12887December 23, 1993Amending Executive Order No. 12878
  55. EO 12888December 23, 1993Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial 1984
  56. EO 12889December 27, 1993Implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement
  57. EO 12890December 30, 1993Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864
  58. EO 12891January 15, 1994Advisory Committee on Human Radiation ExperimentsRevoked
  59. EO 12892January 17, 1994Leadership and Coordination of Fair Housing in Federal Programs: Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing
  60. EO 12893January 26, 1994Principles for Federal Infrastructure Investments
  61. EO 12894January 26, 1994North Pacific Marine Science Organization
  62. EO 12895January 26, 1994North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission
  63. EO 12896February 3, 1994Amending the Civil Service Rules Concerning Political Activity
  64. EO 12897February 3, 1994Garnishment of Federal Employees' Pay
  65. EO 12898February 11, 1994Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income PopulationsRevoked
  66. EO 12899February 15, 1994Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between The Long Island Rail Road and Certain of Its Employees Represented by the United Transportation Union
  67. EO 12900February 22, 1994Educational Excellence for Hispanic AmericansRevoked
  68. EO 12901March 3, 1994Identification of Trade Expansion PrioritiesAmended
  69. EO 12902March 8, 1994Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation at Federal FacilitiesRevoked
  70. EO 12903March 9, 1994Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOMSuperseded
  71. EO 12904March 16, 1994Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Commission for Labor Cooperation, Border Environment Cooperation Commission, and North American Development Bank
  72. EO 12905March 25, 1994Trade and Environment Policy Advisory CommitteeAmended
  73. EO 12906April 11, 1994Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data InfrastructureAmended
  74. EO 12907April 14, 1994Amending Executive Order No. 12882Revoked
  75. EO 12908April 22, 1994Order of Succession of Officers To Act as Secretary of the Army
  76. EO 12909April 22, 1994Order of Succession of Officers to Act as Secretary of the Air Force
  77. EO 12910April 23, 1994Providing for the Closing of Government Departments and Agencies on April 27, 1994
  78. EO 12911April 25, 1994Seal for the Office of National Drug Control Policy
  79. EO 12912April 29, 1994Amendment to Executive Order No. 12878
  80. EO 12913May 2, 1994Revocation of Executive Order No. 12582
  81. EO 12914May 7, 1994Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to HaitiRevoked
  82. EO 12915May 13, 1994Federal Implementation of the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation
  83. EO 12916May 13, 1994Implementation of the Border Environment Cooperation Commission and the North American Development BankAmended
  84. EO 12917May 21, 1994Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to HaitiRevoked
  85. EO 12918May 26, 1994Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Rwanda and Delegating Authority With Respect to Other United Nations Arms Embargoes
  86. EO 12919June 3, 1994National Defense Industrial Resources PreparednessPartially revoked
  87. EO 12920June 10, 1994Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to HaitiRevoked
  88. EO 12921June 13, 1994Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864Revoked
  89. EO 12922June 21, 1994Blocking Property of Certain Haitian NationalsRevoked
  90. EO 12923June 30, 1994Continuation of Export Control RegulationsRevoked
  91. EO 12924August 19, 1994Continuation of Export Control RegulationsRevoked
  92. EO 12925August 29, 1994Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between the Soo Line Railroad Company and Certain of Its Employees Represented by the United Transportation Union
  93. EO 12926September 12, 1994Implementation of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993Partially superseded
  94. EO 12927September 15, 1994Ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty
  95. EO 12928September 16, 1994Promoting Procurement With Small Businesses Owned and Controlled by Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Individuals, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and Minority Institutions
  96. EO 12929September 29, 1994Delegation of Authority Regarding the Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves
  97. EO 12930September 29, 1994Measures To Restrict the Participation by United States Persons in Weapons Proliferation ActivitiesRevoked
  98. EO 12931October 13, 1994Federal Procurement Reform
  99. EO 12932October 14, 1994Termination of Emergency With Respect to Haiti
  100. EO 12933October 20, 1994Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Certain ContractsRevoked
  101. EO 12934October 25, 1994Blocking Property and Additional Measures With Respect to the Bosnian Serb-Controlled Areas of the Republic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaRevoked
  102. EO 12935October 28, 1994Amending Executive Order No. 11157 as it Relates to the Definition of "Field Duty"
  103. EO 12936November 10, 1994Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
  104. EO 12937November 10, 1994Declassification of Selected Records Within the National Archives of the United States
  105. EO 12938November 14, 1994Proliferation of Weapons of Mass DestructionAmended
  106. EO 12939November 22, 1994Expedited Naturalization of Aliens and Noncitizen Nationals Who Served in an Active-Duty Status During the Persian Gulf ConflictAmended
  107. EO 12940November 28, 1994Amendment to Civil Service Rule VI
  108. EO 12941December 1, 1994Seismic Safety of Existing Federally Owned or Leased BuildingsRevoked
  109. EO 12942December 12, 1994Addition to Level V of the Executive Schedule—Commissioner, Administration for Native Americans
  110. EO 12943December 13, 1994Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 11755
  111. EO 12944December 28, 1994Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and AllowancesSuperseded
  112. EO 12945January 20, 1995Amendment to Executive Order No. 12640
  113. EO 12946January 20, 1995President's Advisory Board on Arms Proliferation PolicyRevoked
  114. EO 12947January 23, 1995Prohibiting Transactions With Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace ProcessRevoked
  115. EO 12948January 30, 1995Amendment to Executive Order No. 12898
  116. EO 12949February 9, 1995Foreign Intelligence Physical SearchesAmended
  117. EO 12950February 22, 1995Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between Metro North Commuter Railroad and Its Employees by Certain Labor OrganizationsAmended
  118. EO 12951February 22, 1995Release of Imagery Acquired by Space-Based National Intelligence Reconnaissance Systems
  119. EO 12952February 24, 1995Amendment to Executive Order No. 12950
  120. EO 12953February 27, 1995Actions Required of All Executive Agencies To Facilitate Payment of Child Support
  121. EO 12954March 8, 1995Ensuring the Economical and Efficient Administration and Completion of Federal Government Contracts
  122. EO 12955March 9, 1995Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
  123. EO 12956March 13, 1995Israel-United States Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation
  124. EO 12957March 15, 1995Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to the Development of Iranian Petroleum ResourcesPartially revoked
  125. EO 12958April 17, 1995Classified National Security InformationRevoked
  126. EO 12959May 6, 1995Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to IranPartially revoked
  127. EO 12960May 12, 1995Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1984
  128. EO 12961May 26, 1995Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' IllnessesRevoked
  129. EO 12962June 7, 1995Recreational FisheriesAmended
  130. EO 12963June 14, 1995Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDSAmended
  131. EO 12964June 21, 1995Commission on United States-Pacific Trade and Investment PolicyRevoked
  132. EO 12965June 27, 1995Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 12852
  133. EO 12966July 14, 1995Foreign Disaster Assistance
  134. EO 12967July 31, 1995Establishing an Emergency Board to Investigate Disputes Between Metro North Commuter Railroad and Its Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations
  135. EO 12968August 2, 1995Access to Classified InformationAmended
  136. EO 12969August 8, 1995Federal Acquisition and Community Right-To-KnowRevoked
  137. EO 12970September 14, 1995Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 12864Revoked
  138. EO 12971September 15, 1995Amendment to Executive Order No. 12425
  139. EO 12972September 18, 1995Amendment to Executive Order No. 12958
  140. EO 12973September 27, 1995Amendment to Executive Order No. 12901
  141. EO 12974September 29, 1995Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory CommitteesSuperseded
  142. EO 12975October 3, 1995Protection of Human Research Subjects and Creation of National Bioethics Advisory CommissionRevoked
  143. EO 12976October 5, 1995Compensation Practices of Government Corporations
  144. EO 12977October 19, 1995Interagency Security CommitteeRevoked
  145. EO 12978October 21, 1995Blocking Assets and Prohibiting Transactions With Significant Narcotics TraffickersAmended
  146. EO 12979October 25, 1995Agency Procurement Protests
  147. EO 12980November 17, 1995Further Amendment to Executive Order 12852, as Amended
  148. EO 12981December 5, 1995Administration of Export ControlsAmended
  149. EO 12982December 8, 1995Ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active DutyAmended
  150. EO 12983December 21, 1995Amendment to Executive Order 12871
  151. EO 12984December 28, 1995Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and AllowancesSuperseded
  152. EO 12985January 11, 1996Establishing the Armed Forces Service MedalAmended
  153. EO 12986January 18, 1996International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
  154. EO 12987January 31, 1996Amendment to Executive Order 12964Revoked
  155. EO 12988February 5, 1996Civil Justice Reform
  156. EO 12989February 13, 1996Economy and Efficiency in Government Procurement Through Compliance With Certain Immigration and Naturalization Act ProvisionsAmended
  157. EO 12990February 29, 1996Adjustments of Rates of Pay and Allowances for the Uniformed Services, Amendment to Executive Order 12984Superseded
  158. EO 12991March 6, 1996Adding the Small Business Administration to the President's Export Council
  159. EO 12992March 15, 1996President's Council on Counter-NarcoticsAmended
  160. EO 12993March 21, 1996Administrative Allegations Against Inspectors GeneralSuperseded
  161. EO 12994March 21, 1996Continuing the President's Committee on Mental Retardation and Broadening Its Membership and ResponsibilitiesAmended
  162. EO 12995March 25, 1996Amendment to Executive Order No. 12873
  163. EO 12996March 25, 1996Management and General Public Use of the National Wildlife Refuge System
  164. EO 12997April 1, 1996Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization
  165. EO 12998April 5, 1996Amendment to Executive Order No. 11880Revoked
  166. EO 12999April 17, 1996Educational Technology: Ensuring Opportunity for All Children in the Next Century
  167. EO 13000April 24, 1996Order of Succession of Officers To Act as Secretary of DefenseRevoked
  168. EO 13001May 8, 1996Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between Certain Railroads and Their Employees
  169. EO 13002May 13, 1996Termination of Combat Zone Designation in Vietnam and Waters Adjacent Thereto
  170. EO 13003May 15, 1996Establishing an Emergency Board to Investigate Disputes Between Certain Railroads Represented by the National Carriers' Conference Committee of the National Labor Conference and Their Employees Represented by the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employees
  171. EO 13004May 17, 1996Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between Certain Railroads Represented by the National Railway Labor Conference and Their Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations
  172. EO 13005May 21, 1996Empowerment Contracting
  173. EO 13006May 21, 1996Locating Federal Facilities on Historic Properties in our Nation's Central CitiesRevoked
  174. EO 13007May 24, 1996Indian Sacred Sites
  175. EO 13008June 3, 1996Amending Executive Order No. 12880
  176. EO 13009June 14, 1996Amendment to Executive Order No. 12963 Entitled Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS
  177. EO 13010July 15, 1996Critical Infrastructure ProtectionRevoked
  178. EO 13011July 16, 1996Federal Information TechnologyRevoked
  179. EO 13012July 18, 1996Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority and Their Employees Represented by The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
  180. EO 13013August 6, 1996Amending Executive Order No. 10163, The Armed Forces Reserve Medal
  181. EO 13014August 15, 1996Maintaining Unofficial Relations With the People on Taiwan
  182. EO 13015August 22, 1996White House Commission on Aviation Safety and SecurityRevoked
  183. EO 13016August 28, 1996Amendment to Executive Order 12580
  184. EO 13017September 5, 1996Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care IndustryRevoked
  185. EO 13018September 16, 1996Amending Executive Order No. 12975
  186. EO 13019September 28, 1996Supporting Families: Collecting Delinquent Child Support Obligations
  187. EO 13020October 12, 1996Amendment to Executive Order 12981
  188. EO 13021October 19, 1996Tribal Colleges and UniversitiesRevoked
  189. EO 13022October 31, 1996Administration of the Midway Islands
  190. EO 13023November 6, 1996Amendments to Executive Order 12992, Expanding and Changing the Name of the President's Council on Counter-Narcotics
  191. EO 13024November 7, 1996Amending Executive Order 12015, Relating to Competitive Appointments of Students Who Have Completed Approved Career-Related Work Study Programs
  192. EO 13025November 13, 1996Amendment to Executive Order 13010, the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection
  193. EO 13026November 15, 1996Administration of Export Controls on Encryption Products
  194. EO 13027November 15, 1996Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority and Its Employees Represented by the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers
  195. EO 13028December 3, 1996Further Amendments to Executive Order No. 12757—Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas InitiativeRevoked
  196. EO 13029December 3, 1996December 3, 1996
  197. EO 13030December 12, 1996Administration of Foreign Assistance and Related Functions and Arms Export Controls
  198. EO 13031December 13, 1996Federal Alternative Fueled Vehicle LeadershipRevoked
  199. EO 13032December 26, 1996Further Amendment to Executive Order No. 12964Revoked
  200. EO 13033December 27, 1996Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and AllowancesSuperseded
  201. EO 13034January 30, 1997Extension of Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' IllnessesAmended
  202. EO 13035February 11, 1997Advisory Committee on High-Performance Computing and Communications, Information Technology, and the Next Generation InternetAmended
  203. EO 13036February 15, 1997Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between American Airlines and Its Employees Represented by the Allied Pilots Association
  204. EO 13037March 3, 1997Commission To Study Capital BudgetingRevoked
  205. EO 13038March 11, 1997Advisory Committee on the Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television BroadcastersRevoked
  206. EO 13039March 11, 1997Exclusion of the Naval Special Warfare Development Group From the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program
  207. EO 13040March 25, 1997Amendment to Executive Order 13017, Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry
  208. EO 13041April 3, 1997Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, as Amended
  209. EO 13042April 9, 1997Implementing for the United States Article VIII of the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization Concerning Legal Capacity and Privileges and Immunities
  210. EO 13043April 16, 1997Increasing Seat Belt Use in the United StatesAmended
  211. EO 13044April 18, 1997Amending Executive Order 12752, Implementation of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as Amended, and the Food for Progress Act of 1985, as Amended
  212. EO 13045April 21, 1997Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety RisksAmended
  213. EO 13046May 16, 1997Further Amendment to Executive Order 12975, Extension of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission
  214. EO 13047May 20, 1997Prohibiting New Investment in BurmaRevoked
  215. EO 13048June 10, 1997Improving Administrative Management in the Executive BranchAmended
  216. EO 13049June 11, 1997Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
  217. EO 13050June 13, 1997President's Advisory Board on RaceRevoked
  218. EO 13051June 24, 1997Internal Revenue Service Management Board
  219. EO 13052June 30, 1997Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices
  220. EO 13053June 30, 1997Adding Members to and Extending the President's Council on Sustainable Development
  221. EO 13054July 7, 1997Eligibility of Certain Overseas Employees for Noncompetitive AppointmentsAmended
  222. EO 13055July 15, 1997Coordination of United States Government International Exchanges and Training Programs
  223. EO 13056July 21, 1997Further Amendment to Executive Order 13017, Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry
  224. EO 13057July 26, 1997Federal Actions in the Lake Tahoe Region
  225. EO 13058August 9, 1997Protecting Federal Employees and the Public From Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in the Federal Workplace
  226. EO 13059August 19, 1997Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Iran
  227. EO 13060August 21, 1997Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate Disputes Between Amtrak and Its Employees Represented by the Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes
  228. EO 13061September 11, 1997Federal Support of Community Efforts Along American Heritage RiversAmended
  229. EO 13062September 29, 1997Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to Executive Orders 13038 and 13054Superseded
  230. EO 13063September 30, 1997Level V of the Executive Schedule: Removal of the Executive Director, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, Department of Labor
  231. EO 13064October 11, 1997Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, as Amended, Critical Infrastructure Protection
  232. EO 13065October 22, 1997Further Amendment to Executive Order 13038—Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters
  233. EO 13066October 29, 1997Amendment to Executive Order 13037, Commission To Study Capital Budgeting
  234. EO 13067November 3, 1997Blocking Sudanese Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions With SudanPartially revoked
  235. EO 13068November 25, 1997Closing of Government Departments and Agencies on Friday, December 26, 1997
  236. EO 13069December 12, 1997Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to UNITARevoked
  237. EO 13070December 15, 1997The Intelligence Oversight Board, Amendment to Executive Order 12863Amended
  238. EO 13071December 29, 1997Adjustments of Certain Rates of PaySuperseded
  239. EO 13072February 2, 1998White House Millennium Council
  240. EO 13073February 4, 1998Year 2000 ConversionAmended
  241. EO 13074February 9, 1998Amendment to Executive Order 12656
  242. EO 13075February 19, 1998Special Oversight Board for Department of Defense Investigations of Gulf War Chemical and Biological IncidentsRevoked
  243. EO 13076February 24, 1998Ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active DutyAmended
  244. EO 13077March 10, 1998Further Amendment to Executive Order 13010, Critical Infrastructure Protection
  245. EO 13078March 13, 1998Increasing Employment of Adults With DisabilitiesAmended
  246. EO 13079April 7, 1998Waiver Under the Trade Act of 1974 With Respect to Vietnam
  247. EO 13080April 7, 1998American Heritage Rivers Initiative Advisory CommitteeRevoked
  248. EO 13081April 30, 1998Amendment to Executive Order No. 13038, Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters
  249. EO 13082May 8, 1998Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission
  250. EO 13083May 14, 1998FederalismRevoked
  251. EO 13084May 14, 1998Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal GovernmentsRevoked
  252. EO 13085May 26, 1998Establishment of the Enrichment Oversight Committee
  253. EO 13086May 27, 19981998 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
  254. EO 13087May 28, 1998Further Amendment to Executive Order 11478, Equal Employment Opportunity in the Federal Government
  255. EO 13088June 9, 1998Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting New Investment in the Republic of Serbia in Response to the Situation in KosovoRevoked
  256. EO 13089June 11, 1998Coral Reef Protection
  257. EO 13090June 29, 1998President's Commission on the Celebration of Women in American HistoryRevoked
  258. EO 13091June 29, 1998Administration of Arms Export Controls and Foreign Assistance
  259. EO 13092July 24, 1998President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Amendments to Executive Order 13035
  260. EO 13093July 27, 1998American Heritage Rivers, Amending Executive Orders 13061 and 13080
  261. EO 13094July 28, 1998Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction
  262. EO 13095August 5, 1998Suspension of Executive Order 13083Revoked
  263. EO 13096August 6, 1998American Indian and Alaska Native EducationRevoked
  264. EO 13097August 7, 1998Interparliamentary Union
  265. EO 13098August 18, 1998Blocking Property of UNITA and Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to UNITARevoked
  266. EO 13099August 20, 1998Prohibiting Transactions With Terrorists Who Threaten To Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process
  267. EO 13100August 25, 1998President's Council on Food SafetyAmended
  268. EO 13101September 14, 1998Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal AcquisitionRevoked
  269. EO 13102September 25, 1998Further Amendment to Executive Order 13038, Advisory Committee on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Television Broadcasters
  270. EO 13103September 30, 1998Computer Software Piracy
  271. EO 13104October 19, 1998Amendment to Executive Order 13021, Tribal Colleges and Universities
  272. EO 13105November 2, 1998Open Enrollment Season for Participants in the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System
  273. EO 13106December 7, 1998Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay and Delegation of a Federal Pay Administration AuthorityPartially superseded
  274. EO 13107December 10, 1998Implementation of Human Rights Treaties
  275. EO 13108December 11, 1998Further Amendment to Executive Order 13037, Commission To Study Capital Budgeting
  276. EO 13109December 17, 1998Half-Day Closing of Executive Departments and Agencies of the Federal Government on Thursday, December 24, 1998
  277. EO 13110January 11, 1999Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group
  278. EO 13111January 12, 1999Using Technology To Improve Training Opportunities for Federal Government EmployeesPartially revoked
  279. EO 13112February 3, 1999Invasive SpeciesAmended
  280. EO 13113February 10, 1999President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Further Amendments to Executive Order 13035, as Amended
  281. EO 13114February 25, 1999Further Amendment to Executive Order 12852, as Amended, Extending the President's Council on Sustainable Development
  282. EO 13115March 25, 1999Interagency Task Force on the Roles and Missions of the United States Coast GuardAmended
  283. EO 13116March 31, 1999Identification of Trade Expansion Priorities and Discriminatory Procurement Practices
  284. EO 13117March 31, 1999Further Amendment to Executive Order 12981, as Amended
  285. EO 13118March 31, 1999Implementation of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998
  286. EO 13119April 13, 1999Designation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro), Albania, the Airspace Above, and Adjacent Waters as a Combat Zone
  287. EO 13120April 27, 1999Ordering the Selected Reserve and Certain Individual Ready Reserve Members of the Armed Forces to Active DutyAmended
  288. EO 13121April 30, 1999Blocking Property of the Governments of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro, and Prohibiting Trade Transactions Involving the Federal Republic of YugoslaviaRevoked
  289. EO 13122May 25, 1999Interagency Task Force on the Economic Development of the Southwest BorderAmended
  290. EO 13123June 3, 1999Greening the Government Through Efficient Energy ManagementRevoked
  291. EO 13124June 4, 1999Amending the Civil Service Rules Relating to Federal Employees With Psychiatric Disabilities
  292. EO 13125June 7, 1999Increasing Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Federal ProgramsSuperseded
  293. EO 13126June 12, 1999Prohibition of Acquisition of Products Produced by Forced or Indentured Child Labor
  294. EO 13127June 14, 1999Amendment to Executive Order 13073, Year 2000 Conversion
  295. EO 13128June 25, 1999Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act
  296. EO 13129July 4, 1999Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With the Taliban
  297. EO 13130July 14, 1999National Infrastructure Assurance CouncilRevoked
  298. EO 13131July 22, 1999Further Amendments to Executive Order 12757, Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas InitiativeRevoked
  299. EO 13132August 4, 1999FederalismRevoked
  300. EO 13133August 5, 1999Working Group on Unlawful Conduct on the InternetAmended
  301. EO 13134August 12, 1999Developing and Promoting Biobased Products and BioenergyRevoked
  302. EO 13135August 27, 1999Amendment to Executive Order 12216, President's Committee on the International Labor Organization
  303. EO 13136September 3, 1999Amendment to Executive Order 13090, President's Commission on the Celebration of Women in American History
  304. EO 13137September 15, 1999Further Amendment to Executive Order 12975, as Amended, National Bioethics Advisory Commission
  305. EO 13138September 30, 1999Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory CommitteesPartially revoked
  306. EO 13139September 30, 1999Improving Health Protection of Military Personnel Participating in Particular Military Operations
  307. EO 13140October 6, 19991999 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States
  308. EO 13141November 16, 1999Environmental Review of Trade Agreements
  309. EO 13142November 19, 1999Amendment to Executive Order 12958—Classified National Security Information
  310. EO 13143December 1, 1999Amending Executive Order 10173, as Amended, Prescribing Regulations Relating to the Safeguarding of Vessels, Harbors, Ports, and Waterfront Facilities of the United States
  311. EO 13144December 21, 1999Adjustments of Certain Rates of PaySuperseded
  312. EO 13145February 8, 2000To Prohibit Discrimination in Federal Employment Based on Genetic Information
  313. EO 13146February 29, 2000Presidents Council on the Future of Princeville, North Carolina
  314. EO 13147March 7, 2000White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine PolicyRevoked
  315. EO 13148April 21, 2000Greening the Government Through Leadership in Environmental ManagementRevoked
  316. EO 13149April 21, 2000Greening the Government Through Federal Fleet and Transportation EfficiencyRevoked
  317. EO 13150April 21, 2000Federal Workforce Transportation
  318. EO 13151April 27, 2000Global Disaster Information NetworkAmended
  319. EO 13152May 2, 2000Further Amendment to Executive Order 11478, Equal Employment Opportunity in Federal Government
  320. EO 13153May 3, 2000Actions To Improve Low-Performing Schools
  321. EO 13154May 3, 2000Establishing the Kosovo Campaign MedalAmended
  322. EO 13155May 10, 2000Access to HIV/AIDS Pharmaceuticals and MedicalTechnologies
  323. EO 13156May 17, 2000Amendment to Executive Order 12871 Regarding the National Partnership Council
  324. EO 13157May 23, 2000Increasing Opportunities for Women-Owned Small Businesses
  325. EO 13158May 26, 2000Marine Protected Areas
  326. EO 13159June 21, 2000Blocking Property of the Government of the Russian Federation Relating to the Disposition of Highly Enriched Uranium Extracted From Nuclear Weapons
  327. EO 13160June 23, 2000Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Race, Sex, Color, National Origin, Disability, Religion, Age, Sexual Orientation, and Status as a Parent in Federally Conducted Education and Training Programs
  328. EO 13161June 29, 2000Establishment of the Presidential Medal of Valor for Public Safety Officers
  329. EO 13162July 6, 2000Federal Career Intern ProgramRevoked
  330. EO 13163July 26, 2000Increasing the Opportunity for Individuals With Disabilities To Be Employed in the Federal Government
  331. EO 13164July 26, 2000Requiring Federal Agencies To Establish Procedures ToFacilitate the Provision of Reasonable Accommodation
  332. EO 13165August 9, 2000Creation of the White House Task Force on Drug Use in Sports and Authorization for the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy To Serve as the United States Governments Representative on the Board of the World Anti-Doping AgencyAmended
  333. EO 13166August 11, 2000Improving Access to Services for Persons With Limited English ProficiencyRevoked
  334. EO 13167September 15, 2000Amendment to Executive Order 13147, Increasing the Membership of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy
  335. EO 13168September 22, 2000Presidents Commission on Improving Economic Opportunity in Communities Dependent on Tobacco Production While Protecting Public HealthRevoked
  336. EO 13169October 6, 2000Assistance to Small Business Exporters and Dislocated Workers
  337. EO 13170October 6, 2000Increasing Opportunities and Access for Disadvantaged Businesses
  338. EO 13171October 12, 2000Hispanic Employment in the Federal Government
  339. EO 13172October 25, 2000Amendment to Executive Order 13078, To Expand the Role of the National Task Force on Employment of Adults With Disabilities To Include a Focus on Youth
  340. EO 13173October 25, 2000Interagency Task Force on the Economic Development of the Central San Joaquin ValleyAmended
  341. EO 13174October 27, 2000Commission on Workers, Communities, and Economic Change in the New EconomyRevoked
  342. EO 13175November 6, 2000Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
  343. EO 13176November 27, 2000Facilitation of a Presidential TransitionSuperseded
  344. EO 13177December 4, 2000National Commission on the Use of Offsets in Defense Trade and President's Council on the Use of Offsets in Commercial TradePartially revoked
  345. EO 13178December 4, 2000Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem ReserveAmended
  346. EO 13179December 7, 2000Providing Compensation to Americas Nuclear Weapons Workers
  347. EO 13180December 7, 2000Air Traffic Performance-Based OrganizationAmended
  348. EO 13181December 20, 2000To Protect the Privacy of Protected Health Information in Oversight Investigations
  349. EO 13182December 23, 2000Adjustments of Certain Rates of PaySuperseded
  350. EO 13183December 23, 2000Establishment of the Presidents Task Force on Puerto Ricos StatusAmended
  351. EO 13184December 28, 2000Revocation of Executive Order 12834
  352. EO 13185December 28, 2000To Strengthen the Federal Government-University Research Partnership
  353. EO 13186January 10, 2001Responsibilities of Federal Agencies To Protect Migratory Birds
  354. EO 13187January 10, 2001The Presidents Disability Employment Partnership Board
  355. EO 13188January 12, 2001Amendment to Executive Order 13111, Extension of the Advisory Committee on Expanding Training Opportunities
  356. EO 13189January 15, 2001Federal Interagency Task Force on the District of Columbia
  357. EO 13190January 15, 2001Presidents Commission on Educational Resource Equity
  358. EO 13191January 17, 2001Implementation of the African Growth and Opportunity Act and the United States-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act
  359. EO 13192January 17, 2001Lifting and Modifying Measures With Respect to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)Revoked
  360. EO 13193January 18, 2001Federal Leadership on Global Tobacco Control and Prevention
  361. EO 13194January 18, 2001Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra LeoneRevoked
  362. EO 13195January 18, 2001Trails for America in the 21st Century
  363. EO 13196January 18, 2001Final Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
  364. EO 13197January 18, 2001Governmentwide Accountability for Merit System Principles; Workforce Information

Source: Executive Orders Archive, compiled from the American Presidency Project and the Federal Register. Topics are the archive's automated tags; "Revoked" and similar labels come from the Federal Register's records.

Pardons and commutations

A pardon wipes out the punishment for a federal crime; a commutation shortens a sentence but leaves the conviction. Counts are by federal fiscal year. 140 grants came on his last day in office, January 20, 2001.

Granted each year

PardonsCommutations

Source: U.S. Dept. of Justice, clemency statistics, which lists every recipient with the crime and sentence.

Notable grants: tap to see the crime

Marc RichPardonJanuary 20, 2001

The crime: Indicted in 1983 on 65 counts including tax evasion of about $48 million and illegal oil trading with Iran during the hostage crisis

Sentence: Never tried: he had fled to Switzerland

Why it drew attention: His ex-wife Denise Rich had given large sums to the Democratic Party and the Clinton library. Congress held hearings and federal prosecutors investigated; no charges resulted.

Source
Roger ClintonPardonJanuary 20, 2001

The crime: Conspiracy to distribute cocaine (1985)

Sentence: Served about a year in prison

Why it drew attention: The president's half-brother.

Source
Susan McDougalPardonJanuary 20, 2001

The crime: Fraud in the Whitewater land deals; contempt for refusing to testify to the independent counsel

Sentence: Two years (fraud); 18 months for contempt

Why it drew attention: A Whitewater figure who refused to testify about the Clintons.

Source
Henry CisnerosPardonJanuary 20, 2001

The crime: Misdemeanor lying to the FBI about payments to a former mistress (pleaded guilty 1999)

Sentence: $10,000 fine

Why it drew attention: Clinton's own former Housing secretary.

Source
Carlos VignaliCommutationJanuary 20, 2001

The crime: Cocaine trafficking conspiracy

Sentence: 15 years; about 6 served

Why it drew attention: Hillary Clinton's brother Hugh Rodham was paid about $200,000 to lobby for this and another grant; he returned the money after it came out.

Source
16 FALN membersCommutationAugust 11, 1999

The crime: Seditious conspiracy and related charges, as members of a Puerto Rican nationalist group behind dozens of bombings

Sentence: Up to 90 years

Why it drew attention: Offered on condition they renounce violence. Both houses of Congress passed resolutions condemning it.

Source
Patty HearstPardonJanuary 20, 2001

The crime: Bank robbery (1976), committed after she was kidnapped by a militant group

Sentence: Seven years; commuted by Carter in 1979

Why it drew attention: A long-running campaign argued she had been coerced.

Source
Dan RostenkowskiPardonDecember 22, 2000

The crime: Mail fraud (pleaded guilty 1996), from the House post office scandal

Sentence: 17 months

Why it drew attention: Former chair of the House Ways and Means Committee.

Source

Controversies and scandals

What happened, what was proven, and how it ended.

Proven convicted, admitted or confirmed by a court or official investigationCharged indicted or impeached (outcome stated)Disputed facts established, whether it was wrong is debatedAlleged reported but never established
The Lewinsky affair and perjuryProven1998–1999

Clinton had a sexual relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, then denied it under oath in the Paula Jones lawsuit and to a grand jury.

Outcome: Impeached and acquitted; held in contempt; law license suspended.

Source
Paula Jones lawsuitCharged1994–1998

A former Arkansas state employee sued Clinton for sexual harassment from his time as governor. The suit was dismissed in 1998 and settled on appeal.

Outcome: Clinton paid $850,000 without admitting wrongdoing.

Source
WhitewaterAlleged1994–2000

Investigations into the Clintons' Arkansas real estate investment and related bank fraud.

Outcome: Several associates were convicted; the independent counsel found insufficient evidence to charge either Clinton.

Source
1996 campaign fundraisingProven1996–1998

Foreign donations and White House fundraising, including overnight stays in the Lincoln Bedroom for donors.

Outcome: The DNC returned about $3 million; several fundraisers pleaded guilty to campaign finance crimes.

Source
Last-day pardonsDisputedJanuary 20, 2001

The pardon of fugitive financier Marc Rich, whose ex-wife was a major donor, plus grants lobbied for by relatives of Clinton and his wife.

Outcome: Congressional hearings and a federal inquiry; no charges.

Source
Travel office firingsDisputed1993

Seven employees of the White House travel office were fired and investigated, and business was steered to associates.

Outcome: The independent counsel found Hillary Clinton's testimony 'factually inaccurate' but did not prosecute.

Source

In their own words

Widely quoted remarks, with the context they were said in.

I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.

January 26, 1998 · White House event on education funding. Source

It depends upon what the meaning of the word 'is' is.

August 17, 1998 · Grand jury testimony. Source
How this page is made. Every president gets the same sections and the same checklist. A controversy is listed if it led to an investigation by Congress, an inspector general, a special or independent counsel or a court, or was a sustained national story covered across the political spectrum. Labels follow the strongest official finding, not media coverage. Debt figures come from the U.S. Treasury; deficits and GDP from the White House budget office and the Commerce Department; unemployment from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (before 1948, yearly estimates by Stanley Lebergott via NBER and the Census Bureau's Historical Statistics); prices from MeasuringWorth; executive orders from the Federal Register and National Archives; clemency from the Justice Department.